太湖西部河湖氮污染物来源及转化途径分析

通过2014年枯水、丰水两期监测,综合分析了太湖西部入湖河流与湖区水体及其沉积物的无机氮形态与同位素特征,并利用δ~(15)N识别了太湖西部上游区氮污染来源及转化途径的生物化学作用机制.结果表明:NO_3~--N与NH_4~+-N为研究区域入湖河流无机氮的主要形态,而NO_3~--N为西部湖区水体无机氮的主要形态;δ~(15)N-NO_3~-的数值范围揭示了西部入湖河流在枯水季NO_3~--N主要来源于农用化肥,有少量矿化土壤有机氮,而丰水季则以生活污水为主,有少量矿化土壤有机氮及农用化肥;δ~(15)N-NH_4~+的数值范围说明了生活污水是河流水体NH_4~+-N的主要来源;通过水体及沉积物样品NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N、δ~(15)N-NO_3~-、δ~(15)N-NH_4~+的协同分析可知,湖区氮的赋存形态主要受湖区水体硝化作用及沉积物内反硝化作用的影响.     

卡鲁塞尔氧化沟水力学特性的大涡模拟

本文基于大涡模拟中的Smagorinsky-Lilly模型,对Carrousel氧化沟模型进行了水力学特性模拟,并研究了沟内流速和涡量分布规律.速度与压力耦合求解使用了压力隐式算子分裂PISO(Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators)算法,采用VOF(Volume of fluid)方法追踪自由液面.模拟结果表明,回流现象主要出现在上中层混合液中,逆流现象主要出现于上层混合液中;转轮与转刷的推流作用是造成水面变化剧烈的原因;距转轮与转刷较近的区域、转速较快的转轮与转刷区域及直道段转刷下游水面较高一侧中上层区域的涡量较大.根据实验验证,本次模拟结果和实验值吻合度较好,Smagorinsky-Lilly模型可以准确模拟氧化沟水力学特性.     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

Growth and alkaline phosphatase activity of Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo in response to phosphorus limitation

The growth and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) of two raphidophyceae species Chattonella marina and Heterosigma akashiwo were investigated in response to P-limitation and subsequent addition of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP, NaH₂PO₄) and two dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds: guanosine 5-monophosphate (GMP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). APAlevels increased greatly after P-starvation as the decrease of the cellular phosphorus quotes (Q_p). C. marina responded to P-limitation quickly and strongly, with 10-fold increase in APA within 24 hr after P-starvation. The larger difference between maximal and minimal Q_p values in C. marina indicated its high capacity in P storage. APA of H. akashiwo wasmaximally enlarged about 2.5 times at 48 hr of P-starvation. After the addition of nutrients, cell numbers of C. marina increased in all treatments including the P-free culture, demonstrating the higher endurance of C. marina to P-limitation. However, those of H. akashiwo increased only in DIP and GMP cultures. APA increased only after the addition of the monophosphate ester GMP. The results suggest that quick responses of C. marina to P-limitation, high capacity in P storage as well as endurance for P-depletion provide this species an ecological advantage in phytoplankton community competition under DIP-limited conditions.     

施工现场安全生产人员聚集性活动安全专项管理

施工安全生产风险是由风险事件概率和风险后果2个要素决定的。从施工安全风险后果,即潜在安全风险后果影响的人员角度,介绍了施工现场安全生产人员聚集性活动安全专项的系统管理方法。施工安全风险跟踪监控实践,表明该方法对促进安全生产绩效具有重要意义。     

高速公路交通流实时安全性评价

根据多条高速公路近3年的事故数据及实时交通流数据,分析了高速公路运营安全性的相关影响因素,在此基础上提出了车速变异系数指标及其分级标准,建立了考虑交通流量、平均车速、车速变异系数、天气条件等多因素的高速公路交通流运行风险预测多元模型,并提出了高速公路交通流实时行车风险指数TRI指标,制定了交通流状态实时安全性评价标准,最后给出了高速公路交通流混合交通状态下的实时安全风险评价流程。通过西攀高速公路的交通流实时数据,验证了模型的有效性。     

云南省资源环境基础与人地关系动态评价

利用云南省2003—2012年资源数据,将国家资源环境安全要素评价方法运用到区域资源环境评价中。一方面,通过资源环境本底评价,分析区域资源环境要素的总体状态与构成特征;另一方面,通过人地关系演进系数的计算分析区域人地关系演进状态。研究表明:从要素综合看,云南省资源环境综合值优于全国均值水平,资源环境基础良好;从要素组成看,水资源与森林资源禀赋值优于全国均值水平,但耕地资源、能源和矿产资源不及全国均值水平;从人地关系演进系数看,云南省人类活动还在资源环境的承载范围内,仍有一定的演进空间,但人地关系在朝着紧张的趋势发展。     

多措并举实现电除尘达标排放

介绍了大型火电厂在电除尘器本体的基础上,通过对电除尘器极板极线进行水冲洗、专业化大修及对影响电除尘效率的因素进行综合治理,同时采用多种电除尘器改造技术的组合,克服和避免了电除尘器本身的技术局限性,能够满足不同锅炉燃烧工况,有效提高电除尘器的除尘效率,实现电除尘器烟尘达标排放。     

宕昌县旅游资源特点及开发利用研究

随着旅游业在全国各地的快速发展,我国西北地区的旅游资源也逐渐被开发利用,并成为西北地区发展的支柱性产业或先导性产业。然而,地处我国西北边陲的宕昌县旅游产业仍处在一种半休眠待开发状态之中,在客观准确分析宕昌县旅游资源特点的前提下,准确定位宕昌县的旅游资源开发现状,科学合理地探索和研究宕昌县旅游资源开发利用的新途径是本文的主要研究内容。     

石油天然气项目管理落实《安全生产法》探析

项目管理是石油天然气生产企业建设项目施工组织的最基本的管理方式。针对建设项目HSE管理存在的问题和短板,文章从建设项目常见问题和风险的分析入手,根据新《安全生产法》(以下简称"新安法")对建设项目的要求,从6个方面分析现阶段石油天然气行业建设项目HSE管理面临的新形势、新要求,针对性地提出加强建设项目HSE管理的主要举措:加强设计源头风险防控、关键环节风险管控、专业化风险管控、施工人员风险管控、施工现场风险管控、投产后期风险管控。对如何强化建设项目全过程风险管控提出建设性意见。